Understanding the Nitrogen Cycle for Your Reef Aquarium

Understanding the Nitrogen Cycle for Your Reef Aquarium

The nitrogen cycle is the backbone of a thriving reef aquarium. Understanding its stages ensures a stable and safe environment for your marine life.

Stage 1: Ammonia Formation

When waste decomposes, it produces ammonia, which is toxic to fish and corals.

Stage 2: Nitrite Conversion

Beneficial bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites, which are also harmful but less so than ammonia.

Stage 3: Nitrate Formation

A second group of bacteria transforms nitrites into nitrates, which are less toxic and can be removed through water changes or used by macroalgae.

How to Establish the Cycle
  • Add live rock or bacterial supplements.
  • Test water daily for ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates.
  • Be patient; the cycle can take 4-6 weeks.