The nitrogen cycle is the backbone of a thriving reef aquarium. Understanding its stages ensures a stable and safe environment for your marine life.
Stage 1: Ammonia Formation
When waste decomposes, it produces ammonia, which is toxic to fish and corals.
Stage 2: Nitrite Conversion
Beneficial bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites, which are also harmful but less so than ammonia.
Stage 3: Nitrate Formation
A second group of bacteria transforms nitrites into nitrates, which are less toxic and can be removed through water changes or used by macroalgae.
How to Establish the Cycle
- Add live rock or bacterial supplements.
- Test water daily for ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates.
- Be patient; the cycle can take 4-6 weeks.